Correlated defect nanoregions in a metal–organic framework. Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) based polymer nanocomposite membranes for gas separation. Surface nano-architecture of a metal–organic framework. Defect-engineered metal–organic frameworks. Unusual and highly tunable missing-linker defects in zirconium metal–organic framework UiO-66 and their important effects on gas adsorption. Crystal engineering of lattice metrics of perhalometallate salts and MOFs. Generation and applications of structure envelopes for porous metal–organic frameworks. Automated diffraction tomography for the structure elucidation of twinned, sub-micrometer crystals of a highly porous, catalytically active bismuth metal–organic framework. Rapid room-temperature synthesis and characterization of nanocrystals of a prototypical zeolitic imidazolate framework. Imaging of intact MOF-5 nanocrystals by advanced TEM at liquid nitrogen temperature. Wiktor, C., Turner, S., Zacher, D., Fischer, R. Direct observations of the MOF (UiO-66) structure by transmission electron microscopy. First direct imaging of giant pores of the metal–organic framework MIL-101. I., Millange, F., Serre, C., Van Tendeloo, G. Exceptional chemical and thermal stability of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. The chemistry and applications of metal–organic frameworks. Design and synthesis of an exceptionally stable and highly porous metal–organic framework. ![]() These observations allow us to understand how ZIF-8 crystals self-assemble and the subsequent influence of interfacial cavities on mass transport of guest molecules. ![]() Furthermore, TEM reveals important local structural features of ZIF-8 crystals that cannot be identified by diffraction techniques, including armchair-type surface terminations and coherent interfaces between assembled crystals. The obtained image involves structural information transferred up to 2.1 Å, allowing the resolution of individual atomic columns of Zn and organic linkers in the framework. Here, we use a direct-detection electron-counting camera to acquire TEM images of the MOF ZIF-8 with an ultralow dose of 4.1 electrons per square ångström to retain the structural integrity. It is challenging to observe MOFs with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) due to the extreme instability of MOFs upon electron beam irradiation 4, 5, 6, 7. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials with designable topology, porosity and functionality, having promising applications in gas storage and separation, ion conduction and catalysis 1, 2, 3.
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